happy christmas to all.......

happy christmas to all.......

Christmas

Christmas or Christmas Day (Old English: Crīstesmæsse, literally "Christ's mass") is an annual commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ,^[5][6] celebrated generally on December 25^[2][3][4] as a religious and cultural holiday by billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it closes the Advent season and initiates the twelve days of Christmastide.^[7] Christmas is a civil holiday in many of the world's nations,^[8][9][10] is celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians,^[1][11][12] and is an integral part of the Christmas and holiday season.
The precise day of Jesus’ birth, which historians place between 7 and 2 BC, is unknown.^[13] In the early-to-mid 4th century, the Western Christian Church first placed Christmas on December 25, a date later adopted also in the East.^[14][15] Theories advanced to explain that choice include that it falls exactly nine months after the Christian celebration of the conception of Jesus,^[16] or that it was selected to coincide with either the date of the Roman winter solstice^[17] or of some ancient winter festival.^[16][18]
The original date of the celebration in Eastern Christianity was January 6, in connection with Epiphany, and that is still the date of the celebration for the Armenian Apostolic Church and in Armenia, where it is a public holiday. As of 2011, there is a difference of 13 days between the Julian calendar and the more generally used Gregorian calendar. Those who use the Julian calendar or its equivalents thus celebrate December 25 and January 6 on what for the majority of people is January 7 and January 19. For this reason, Ethiopia celebrates Christmas, both as a Christian feast and as a public holiday on what in the Gregorian calendar is January 7.^[19]

Many of the popular celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have pre-Christian or secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, Christmas music and caroling, an exchange of Christmas cards, church celebrations, a special meal, and the display of various decorations, including Christmas trees, lights, nativity scenes, garlands, wreaths, mistletoe, and holly. In addition, several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas and Kris Kringle among other names, are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore.^[20] Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.

Business ethics

Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, "People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices."^[1] Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control.^[2] The emergence of large corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities in which they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes.^[3]

HAPPY CHRISTMAS TO ALL ZAPIONZ WARRIORS.............

Happy christmas to all warriors in zapionz.... enjoy the christmas with great happiness... may god bless u all.........

MERRY CHRISTMAS

WISH U A MERRY CHRISTMAS ZAPIONZ...

ENJOY THIS CHRISTMAS BY INVITING JESUS CHIRST TO UR HEARTS...

AND ENJOY WITH HIM,

HE WILL DO WONDERS FOR U THIS CHRISTMAS,

BELIEVE N PRAY...

Thought for the day

" A Friend in need is a friend indeed"

Education

Education is not for domestication , but for liberation

THE NEW GOD IS UP......


219 in just 149 balls
The highest and fastest score
in ODI from the planet....

RAJYA SABHA

                                                      BACKGROUND

 

The ‘Council of States’ which is also known as Rajya Sabha, a nomenclature that was announced by the chair in the House on the 23rd August, 1954 has its own distinctive features. The origin of the second Chamber can be traced to the Montague-Chelmsford Report of 1918. The Government of India Act, 1919 provided for the creation of a ‘Council of State’ as a second chamber of the then legislature with a restricted franchise which actually came into existence in 1921. The Governor-General was the ex-officio President of the then Council of State. The Government of India Act, 1935, hardly made any changes in its composition.

 The Constituent Assembly, which first met on 9 December 1946, also acted as the Central Legislature till 1950, when it was converted as ‘Provisional Parliament’.  During this period, the Central Legislature which was known as Constituent Assembly (Legislative) and later Provisional Parliament was unicameral till the first elections were held in 1952.

Extensive debate took place in the Constituent Assembly regarding the utility or otherwise of a Second Chamber in Independent India and ultimately, it was decided to have a bicameral legislature for independent India mainly because a federal system was considered to be most feasible form of Government for such a vast country with immense diversities.  A single directly elected House, in fact, was considered inadequate to meet the challenges before free India.  A second chamber known as the ‘Council of States’, therefore, was created with altogether different composition and method of election from that of the directly elected House of the People.  It was conceived as another Chamber, with smaller membership than the Lok Sabha (House of the People).  It was meant to be the federal chamber i.e., a House elected by the elected members of Assemblies of the States and two Union Territories in which  States were not given equal representation.  Apart from the elected members, provision was also made for the nomination of twelve members to the House by the President.  The minimum age of thirty years was fixed for membership as against twenty-five years for the Lower House.  The element of dignity and prestige was added to the Council of State House by making the Vice-President of India ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha who presides over its sittings.

 

Composition/Strength

Article 80 of the Constitution lays down the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha as 250, out of which 12 members are nominated by the President and 238 are representatives of the States and of the two Union Territories.  The present strength of Rajya Sabha, however, is 245, out of which 233 are representatives of the States and Union territories of Delhi and Puducherry and 12 are nominated by the President. The members nominated by the President are persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service.

  

Allocation of Seats

           

The Fourth Schedule to the Constitution provides for allocation of seats to the States and Union Territories in Rajya Sabha.  The allocation of seats is made on the basis of the population of each State.  Consequent on the reorganization of States and formation of new States, the number of elected seats in the Rajya Sabha allotted to States and Union Territories has changed from time to time since 1952.  

NARMADA DAM ISSUE

NARMADA DAM

A Brief Introduction to the Narmada Issue

The controversy over large dams on the River Narmada has come to symbolise the struggle for a just and equitable society in India. The story is long and complicated and will take a long time to tell. In brief, the Government's plan is to build 30 large, 135 medium and 3000 small dams to harness the waters of the Narmada and its tributaries. The proponents of the dam claim that this plan would provide large amounts of water and electricity which are desperately required for the purposes of development.

Opponents of the dam question the basic assumptions of the Narmada Valley Development Plan and believe that its planning is unjust and inequitous and the cost-benefit analysis is grossly inflated in favour of building the dams. It is well established that the plans rest on untrue and unfounded assumptions of hydrology and seismicity of the area and the construction is causing large scale abuse of human rights and displacement of many poor and underprivileged communities. They also believe that water and energy can be provided to the people of the Narmada Valley, Gujarat and other regions through alternative technologies and planning processes which can be socially just and economically and environmentally sustainable. 

We recognise the complexity of the issues involved. However, once one cuts through all the rhetoric, lies and subterfuge of the vested interests, the gross inequities are clear. Large numbers of poor and underprivileged communities (mostly tribals and dalits) are being dispossessed of their livelihood and even their ways of living to make way for dams being built on the basis of incredibly dubious claims of common benefit and "national interest". For us, this is simply immoral and therefore unacceptable. No purported benefits can be used to justify the denial of the fundamental rights of individuals in a democratic society. And given the evidence of past megadam schemes in India and elsewhere and what has already happened in the Narmada Valley, we believe that the promised benefits will never be realised. 
A mass of research shows that even on purely technical grounds, large dams have been colossal failures. While they have delivered only a fraction of their purported benefits, they have had an extremely devastating effect on the riverine ecosystem and have rendered destitute large numbers of people (whose entire sustenance and modes of living are centered around the river). For no large dam in India has it been shown that the resettled people have been provided with just compensation and rehabilitation. At a more abstract level, the questions that arise in the Narmada Struggle challenge the dominant model of development (of which Sardar Sarovar dam is a prime example) that holds out the chimerical promise of material wealth through modernisation but perpetuates an inequitous distribution of resources and wreaks social and environmental havoc.

 

Armed Forces Flag Day: A Call to Citizens

In the course of achieving victory in various wars that the nation has fought and also in combating the ongoing cross-border terrorism and insurgency, the Indian Armed Forces lose valuable lives while many suffer disability. Such men who are invalidated out of service require care and rehabilitation so that they could start a second innings in their lives.

Keeping this in view, the Armed Forces Flag Day is observed on December 7 every year. On this day, by displaying flags in red, deep and light blue colours which represent the three Services the citizens reinforce their solidarity with the Armed Forces. In some places, Armed Forces formations and units conduct shows to motivate people for the welfare of the men-in-uniform. This helps to boost the morale of the forces and also gives them a sense of assurance that the entire nation is behind them.

On this day, the community, in an effort to supplement the government's efforts to the welfare of the troops, contributes to the Armed Forces Flag Day Fund. The contributions of public towards this fund is collected throughout the country. The fund is operated by Defence Minister at the centre and Governor at the state level. Kendriya Sainik Board is responsible for administration of Armed Forces Flag Day Fund. Contributions made towards Armed Forces Flag Day Fund are exempt from income tax.

The three Service Headquarters collect funds through their subordinate formations. Funds collected by each state government are distributed to the Sainik Boards at the district level which in turn grant financial assistance to needy ex-servicemen and dependents of those who laid down their lives. State governments also utilise these funds to implement welfare schemes for ex-servicemen and their dependents.

great works of our great artist in our class.....

great works of our great artist in our class..... the one and only DEEPAK THOMAS

Muthoot Finance gains on fund raising plan

Hot Pursuit

Muthoot Finance gains on fund raising plan

(07-Dec-2011  , 15:36 Hours IST)

The announcement was made after market hours on Monday, 5 December 2011. Stock markets were closed on Tuesday, 6 December 2011 for a local holiday. Meanwhile as per provisional closing, the BSE Sensex was up 17.33 points, or 0.10%, to 16,822.66. On BSE, 42,475 shares were traded in the counter compared with average volume of 45,679 shares over the past two weeks. The stock hit a high of Rs 184.90 and a low of Rs 174.15 during the day. The stock had hit a record high of Rs 198 on 6 May 2011 and a record low of Rs 150.40 on 23 June 2011. India's largest gold financing company in terms of loan portfolio has an equity capital of Rs 371.71 crore. Face value per share is Rs 10. Muthoot Finance's net profit surged 88.3% to Rs 215.55 crore on 108.6% spurt in total income to Rs 1104.87 crore in Q2 September 2011 over Q2 September 2010. Muthoot Finance is the largest gold financing company in India in terms of loan portfolio. The company provides personal and business loans secured by gold jewellery, or gold loans, primarily to individuals who possess gold jewellery but could not access formal credit within a reasonable time, or to whom credit may not be available at all, to meet unanticipated or other short-term liquidity requirements.

guyzzzzz Njoy the life in marian........

 guyzzzzz       Njoy the life in marian........

friendship

What is the Mullaperiyar dam issue?

The flame over the age-old Mullaperiyar dam row has once again reached Parliament's doorsteps. None of the two conflicting parties -- namely governments in Tamil Nadu and Kerala -- seem to be in a mood to back off, and the controversy is set to become an additional headache for the already cornered UPA government at the Centre. Rediif.com tries to explain the different contours of the issue.

Mullaperiyar Dam

Where is the Mullaperiyar dam, and when was it constructed?
The Mullaperiyar Dam was constructed by the British during 1887-1895 across Periyar River in the then Travancore state (now Kerala) territory. The dam, with full reservoir level of 152 ft. provides for diversion of water from the reservoir through a tunnel to Vaigai basin in Tamil Nadu for irrigation benefits.
A 999-year lease was made, and accordingly, the Tamil Nadu government has been operating the dam. The Periyar power station in TN produces hydro-electric power from these waters and distributes that electricity in the state.
Who benefited from the dam?
Apart from providing drinking water to the people of Madurai, Theni, Sivaganga and Ramanathapuram, the diverted waters helped irrigate about 80,000 hectares of parched land in these districts.


So what is the problem now?
The dam is one of the oldest dam in service in the world, at 105 years. The average life-span of a well-built and well-designed dam is considered to be 50-60 years by experts. When the British built the dam, they expected its life span to be around 2,000 years.


But didn't the British build it?
The Mullaperiyar Dam was made using old technology, and not based on the modern parameters for design of dams. In this case, much of the building material used in the construction has been leached out, by wear and tear.
But then again, in 1930s, Tamil Nadu engineers bored 80 holes in the dam and injected 40 tonne of cement solution to plug seepage. Again in 1933, grouting technology was used to strengthen the dam. In 1960, 502 tonne of cement solution was injected. All this was done without any outside prodding


So, the dam is virtually safe?
Well, after a few minor earthquakes in 1979 in regions surrounding the dam, security issues were raised over its security. Since then, both the Kerala and TN governments have been at loggerheads over the security issue.
Later, experts from Indian Institute of Technology also examined the dam, and mentioned that the dam will not withstand an earthquake.
What does the TN government have to say about it?
The TN government refutes allegations that age has withered the dam. There are arguments that if the world's oldest Kallanai dam (built in the second century AD) in Srirangam in Tiruchirapali district is still functional and continues to irrigate about 4,000 sqkm, why can't the Mullaperiyar be as well.
So, where do the two governments stand?
The Kerala government's contention is that in case the dam breaks, the three dams downstream -- Idukki, Cheruthoni and Kolamavu – will not be able to withhold the pressure, which will put the lives of 3.5 million people in the state.
On the other hand, the TN government maintains that if the Mullaperiyar is demolished, it will create water scarcity in five districts of the state, leading to a draught in the region.

Have they tried no middle path?
Since 1978, Kerala has been demanding the construction of a new dam. As a reaction to these demands, the TN government brought the water level down from 152ft to 132ft to allay the fears. They agreed upon restoring the water levels once the strengthening works were over. But that matter went in court. In 2006, the water levels were restored.
TN has objection on the idea of Kerala constructing a new dam, because it would mean it that the 999-year lease would be void, and it would have to surrender the 8,000 acres of land under its control to Kerala. It also accuses the Kerala government of whipping up a fear wave among its people about the safety of Mullaperiyar.
So is there a solution in the near future?
The matter is still being debated.

Hi friends,

All the best for the new sem....

guys forget the past and look forward....

If you want something you have never had, do something you have never done......

good luck...

hei we are back againnnnnnn..............

When we Rejoin

Hei Zapionzzzzzzzzzz..............
Here we have an end of our sem break....
hope u all have enjoyed it well!!!!!!!!!!!!

I am very happy to meet u all on Dec 1st.....
lets reunion for dreaming about the next sem Breakkkkkkkkkk!!!!!!!!!!

see u on thursday..... take care.....

when I got into to see my class blog
I was shocked bcoz what I saw was
comming "SEM's SYLLABUS"

oh it was really crual....


plz don't do it again...

syllabus should be shown when the season for exams come....
not before that....
always keep in mind....

SEM BREAKZZZZZZZZ.......

NJOY THIS BREAK GUYZZZZZZZZZZZZ............

Quotes from..; DHIRUBAI AMBANI- by filip lal

Quotes from..;
DHIRUBAI AMBANI- An ordinary man with extraordinary talents

Only when you dream it you can do it."

•

"Think big, think fast, think ahead. Ideas are no one's monopoly"

•

"Our dreams have to be bigger. Our ambitions higher. Our commitment deeper. And our efforts greater. This is my dream for Reliance and for India."

•

"You do not require an invitation to make profits."

•

"If you work with determination and with perfection, success will follow."

•

"Pursue your goals even in the face of difficulties,
and convert adversities into opportunities."

•

"Give the youth a proper environment. Motivate them.
Extend them the support they need. Each one of them has
infinite source of energy. They will deliver."

•

"Between my past, the present and the future, there is one common factor: Relationship and Trust. This is the foundation of our growth"

•

"We bet on people."

•

"Meeting the deadlines is not good enough,
beating the deadlines is my expectation."

•

"Don't give up, courage is my conviction."

friends

friendship.........

കൊച്ചു കൊച്ചു പരിഭവങ്ങളും തമാശകളും നിറഞ്ഞ ഈ നല്ല സൗഹൃദം.........
എന്നും നിലനില്‍ക്കട്ടെ .......................

ALL THE BEST ....

ALL THE BEST

ZAPIONZ.......

LOVE STORY BUILT FROM NINE DAYS

CONTINUTION....... part 5 (day -one)
Sanaya was moving up through the stairs while siddant was coming down.suddenly she slipped and was to fall down but she was saved by siddant.he catched her hand pulled her close.sanaya with the fear of falling down had closed her eyes and now when she realised that she was sfe then she opened her eyes and was surprised to see siddant at her front.
sanaya:siddant what are you doing here?
siddant :huh.... actually i am here ....as i am...
sanaya:siddant i am waitnig for your answer waht are you doing here?
siddant:yes yes i am trying to find an answer i mean i am trying to give an answer for your question. you know that i am working for mr.raizada......so... iam here
sanaya:oh yes .you told me in the morning that you are working for mr.raizada
siddant felt relifed that his lie has not been caught.
sanaya:but what are you doing in this office and why didn't tell me that you are working here when we mwt in the morning?
siddant take a breath for a second ask questions sanaya.iwill give the answer for all your questions one by one.but tell me on thing that why are you here after all you didn't get the job isn't it .
sanaya ; yes you are right but i came here to see.....wait a miniute how do you know that i didn't get the job?
siddant:don't ask foolish questions i know because i only give the order?
sanaya:order!what order ?
siddant:order....order to my subordinate to check whether you have got the job or not?
sanaya:oh like that?anyways i am here to see mr raizada.
siddant; mr raizada!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.for what?
sanaya;why are reacting like that i am here just to ask him why he has not given the job to me?
siddant; for that you don't have to see hi i will tell you . you didnt got the job because .....because there was some mistake happened actually you was nore efficent for the job and all is this part of business stratorgy
sanaya:but i badly needed this job.
siddanat:i understand sanaya but circumstances will not be favour always.you must understand that all things tha you are thinking off will not happen always.try and understand
sanaya;you are right siddant .thank you for the advise and support i badly needed it
sanaya was about to go then suddenly someone from the back calle"hello mr.raizada".she stopped and turned back.
to be continued..........

LOVE STORY BUILT FROM NINE DAYS

TILL NOW.... DAY NO:1 (part4)
Sanaya a girl belonging to midddle class family is going to attend an inter view at a constuction company and on the way she got to met a business tycoon siddhant raizada who was doing shopping for his grandma for navaratri festival.Siddhant got facinated towards beautiful sanaya at the first sight where and he traveled with her in the bus.On the other hand sanaya is not aware of the siddhant's identity and talk to him while on the bus.Siddhant and sanaya got down from the bus in front of a company and siddant was shocked to know that sanaya has came for the interview in his own company.............
CONTINUTION..........
siddant didn't know hwat to do and he was speechless.Sanaya said"i am here for an interview and it's time for me to go"

siddant:i will say bye to you but i wish to know your "name"
sanaya:why is it neccesery that i should say my name.
siddant:because i said that my name is siddant.
sanaya:i am sanaya and ....
siddant:....and you belong to sweet street where your father is having 2 sweet shops of his own.
sanaya;how do you know that?
siddant:today i came there to buy sweets and found two shops named as sanaya
sanaya:so your the famous mr.raizada who cme to buy sweets from my shop.my mother told that mr.raizada is at our shop.
siddant:yes ...actually no i am his employee and i came to buy things from there.
sanaya:ok then bye see you later.
as soon as sanaya went back siddant took his phone and called his manager
siddant to manager:there is a girl coming for the interview you must not give her job even if she is eligible.
after some time sanaya came out of the company and she was very upset as she didn't got the job.She felt very sad and was walking through the road side.She was trying to help her father by getting in to a job.She was so sure that she is going to get the job and also she found herself amongst the candidates who came there. at last she decided to go to the company and ask the authority that why she was not taken for the job.

AT THE RAIZADA CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.

Sanaya came nesr the reception and asked for Mr.Raizada's cabin and the receptionist directed her to the left side.Sanaya was moving to the cabin and from the other side non other than mr .siddant raizada was coming , he was unaware of the fact that sanaya is coming to see him..

Global Economy in a dangerous new phase

-The pressing issue has been the europe"s sovereign debit crisis.

In its recent biannual publication, world economic outlook, the international monetary fund warned that the world economy was in a dangerous phase.That warning was issued just days before the annual IMF-World bank meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors in Washington. Despite considerable pressure from other countries,leading european economic powers failed to reach an agreement on a specific bailout plan that would save off a default by one or more eurozone nations.In the last fortnight, financial markets around the world which had witnessed a sell-off, were blacing for a major meltdown. Around the world, stock markets are showing signs of distress. German and french stock markets have shed a third of their value since their peaks this year while UK and US shares have lost their stability.

Happy Diwali............

May the festival of lights be the harbinger of joy and prosperity. As the holy occasion of Diwali is here and the atmosphere is filled with the spirit of mirth and love, here's hoping this festival of beauty brings your way, bright sparkles of contentment, that stay with you through the days ahead.
Best wishes on Diwali

How To Become A Good Professional.

A Professional is a person engaged in a particular activity for earning a livelihood. As a professional, he is supposed to be an expert on the subject he is dealing with. With his deep knowledge in the subject, he is able to help other people to find a solution for their problems related with his profession.

Everyday new professions are being discovered around the world. Most of these professions are derived from various existing professions. Many earn handsome money by being more creative in their profession. A creative person can make his profession more attractive and people will love to get service from a creative professional. A professional gets his professionalism not only from his knowledge about the subject, but also through hard work and number of years of experience. The professionalism must be reflected on his words and deeds.
A seasoned professional should try very hard to stick to his commitments and will be honest always. These virtues will help a professional to gain confidence of his clients. Once a professional gets his reputation, he is established in his line of activity. A dedicated professional do the work for satisfaction and not merely for money. A professional learns from his mistakes and utilizes them to bring more perfection to his work or services.
A professional can ruin his profession if he does something unethical or against his profession. So a professional needs to know about things that can ruin their profession beforehand so that he can refrain from doing such things.

 

Study Skills: How to improve your concentration.

 

Causes of lack of concentration

One of the main causes of missing of what you are reading is a lack of concentration. When your attention wanders words slip by and leave you with little memory of what you have read. You may go through the motions of reading and studying, sometimes for hours at a time but end up with poor results.

• Not being prepared to read and study
• A lack of interest in the material
• The material is too difficult
• A lack of motivation
• A lack of suitable goal
• Too much noise or activity around you
• Emotional problems
• Being tired
• Having to much to do

A major cause of not concentrating is not being interested in the work.If you are studying something you really want to, your attention generally will remain keen. However, when yu are reading something that you consider dull or boring, you will usually find it difficult. This is probably because you didn't prepare yourself properly to work on the task. If your lack of concentration is due to being tired or not being motivated, you may have to postpone the work until a more suitable time. Certainly a wise use of available time to read and study is one of the best remedies.
Fear of failure is another reason for poor concentration. Often the thought of failing an exam or assisgnment starts to take more time than the actual study and this in turn adds to your worry.

Here is a list of suggestions which will help you improve your power of concentration

1. Select a place you like to study and where there are few distractions
2. Plan your study time so that you will have enough time to finish your work.
3. Make sure that you have all the materials and resources you need to finish the assignment.
4. Develop a positive mental attitude to the task ahead. Think about finishing your work and try to do well.
5. Remember your purpose for studying and make this your goal. Question yourself about what you are studying and then read actively for the answers.
6. Work in short sessions of forty to fifty minutes and take regular breaks to avoid getting tired.
7. Make notes and summaries of the main points you are studying and refer to them to check your progress
8. Break your work into smaller units of study and mark each unit off as you complete it

 

How to increase beauty?

Beauty is not merely a style or outfit which a person carries, but it is a way to provide body with perfect diet and nutrition. There are various organs present in our body through which our inner body system like kidney and other excretory organs gets clean. They also throw out harmful substance present in our body

Necessity of  cleaning: -

1. Cleansing diet should be taken within the gap of every 2-3 weeks.
2. if you are suffering from obesity, digestion or skin problem, always feels tired, pain or if you are addicted to drugs, wine, alcohol etc and taking them in large quantity, then it means cleansing of your body is must.

Enemies of toxic substances present in body:- 

Given below are some kind of foods, which fights against toxic substance as these foods contain proteins & fibre in large quantity.

Water: -

1. Take ½ liter of water in the morning.
2. Start your day with lemon water mixed with hot water.
3. Grinded ginger can also be taken in the morning to increase digestion capacity.
4. Herbal can also be in between.

Fresh fruits & vegetables: -

1. In your daily routine, include seasonal fruits & vegetables
2. Take 1-2 glass of juice daily.
3. Juice of apple, spinach, gourd & ginger of beet is better for health.

Starch: -

1. Food containing starch is useful in maintaining energy level of body.
2. Brown rice, millet etc are rich in starch.

Make prevention from these things: -
Following are some things, which restricts the outflows of toxic substances. So, make preventions from these eatables: -

1. Tea, coffee, sugar and alcohol/wine- these increase hypertension. Coffee contains caffine, which proves to be very harmful for health. Wine & coffee reduces water from human body.
2. meat- meat contains fat, so make limited use of it.
3. dairy products- use minimum dairy products except home made curd. Prevent yourself from sweet & fried tin-packed & spicy products.

DIET CHART

Breakfast

1. Oat & mash of cooked millet along with fruits & chestnut.
2. Mushroom, spinach or any cooked vegetables according to your choice.

Lunch & Dinner

1. Pulses, vegetables & soup.
2. Mixed salad of beans.
3. Fishes along with vegetables & sweet potato.

TIPS

1. Exercise daily
2. Walk, swim, cycle or do yoga for good health
3. Keep yourself away from tiring exercises.
4. Take sleep at least for seven hours daily

New Honda CBR 250R

VEHICLE SUMMARY Name: CBR250R Type: Sports Fuel Consumption: City 25.00 Fuel Consumption: Highway 35.00 VERDICT FOR Looks Technically sound Reasonable price AGAINST ABS variant's price is high Long waiting period   ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Displacement:	249.6cc
Engine:	249.6cc, 4-stroke
Maximum Power:	25 Bhp @ 8500 rpm
Maximum Torque:	23 Nm @ 7000 rpm
Gears:	6 Manual
Clutch:	Wet, Multiplate Disc
Bore:	76
Stroke:	55
No. of Cylinders:	1
Cylinder Configuration:	NA
Valve Per Cylinder:	4
Engine Block Material:	0
Chassis Type:	Twin Spar Type
Cooling Type:	Liquid Cooling
Carburetor:	NA
Motor Power:	0
Motor Range:	0
Paddling Arrangement:	0
DIMENSIONS
Length:	2032.00 mm
Width:	720.00 mm
Height:	1127.00 mm
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
Weight:	167.00 kg
Ground Clearance:	145.00 mm
Fuel Tank:	13.00 ltrs
Wheelbase:	1367.00 mm
Electrical System:	NA
Headlamp:	12V 60/55W
Battery Type:	Maintainance Free
Battery Voltage:	12V
Battery Capacity:	6Ah
Battery Charger Type:	NA
Horn:	NA
Wheel Type:	Alloys
Wheel Size:	110/70 17M/C - 140/70 17M/C mm
Tubeless:
Colors:	Candy Rudy Red, Sword Silver, Asteroid Black Metallic ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY Suspension(Front): Telescopic Fork Suspension(Rear): Pro Link Brakes: 296mm Disc Brakes(Rear): 220mm Disc Its a great bike..

Why MBA Programz....................

Why MBA programs?
Earning a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) degree, can provide you with management skills and business expertise that open new career opportunities to you.
If you are working in business and are looking to move up the ladder or to move from your current area of expertise to a new one, an MBA program can help you achieve your goals.
An MBA program will also launch you into the much higher pay range that upper level managers and executives enjoy.
Furthermore, in the high-level positions an MBA degree will allow you to hold, your work will often be more interesting and rewarding.

Now, more and more MBA programs provide training that goes beyond general business management to provide subject area expertise.
So, for example, if your career interests are in the field of e-commerce, you can find MBA programs with a strong focus in that area.
In addition, many MBA programs will allow you to earn joint degrees, so you can combine business administration training with training in another field, like law, health, or even social work.

MODEL XAMZZZZ...................Exam Fever Beginzzzzzz.....

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STEVE JOBS SHORT BIOGRAPHY BY Philip lal

Steve Jobs the Short Biography

Youth (1955-75)

Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco, California on February 24 1955. His biological parents, unwed college graduates Joanne Simpson and Abdulfattah Jandali, had him adopted by a lower-middle-class couple from south of the Bay Area, Paul and Clara Jobs.

Young Steve grew up in a valley of apricot orchards that was already turning into the world center of computer technology: Silicon Valley. It was not uncommon to see engineers fill their garages with all kind of electronic devices in that part of California. Steve Jobs was fascinated by these, and that’s why, in 1969, he met with a computer whiz kid who shared his interests in electronics: Stephen Wozniak — commonly known as Woz. Steve and Woz quickly became friends even though Woz was five years older.

When Steve Jobs reached college age, he decided he would go to Reed College in Oregon. It was an expensive liberal arts college, way too pricey for his modest parents; but they had to keep their promise to Steve’s biological mother, and therefore paid for the tuition. Steve only stayed at Reed for one semester though, after which he dropped out. He then spent a lot of time learning about Eastern mysticism and adopted strange diets, fasting or eating only fruits: it was his hippie period. He even traveled to India with a friend to seek enlightenment at age 19.

Apple’s early years (1975-81)

After Steve came back to the Valley, he focused on Woz’s work on a computer board. Woz was attending a group of early personal computer hobbyists called the Homebrew Computer Club, where he got the idea of designing his own computer (which consisted only of a circuit board at the time). Steve Jobs saw that many people were interested in his friend’s brilliant work: he suggested they sell the board to them. Apple Computer was born.

Apple’s first year in business consisted of assembling the boards in Steve’s garage and driving to local computer stores to try and sell them. Meanwhile, Woz worked on a new, much improved computer, the Apple II, which he basically finished in 1977. Both Woz and Steve knew the Apple II was a breakthrough computer, much more advanced than anything the market had ever seen. That’s why Steve set out to find venture capitalists to fund Apple’s expansion. After a while, he made a deal with Mike Markkula, an enthusiastic former Intel executive who invested $250,000 in their business and assured them their company would enter the Fortune 500 list in less than two years.

Mike was right. The Apple II soon became the symbol of the personal computing revolution worldwide. It crushed all competition both because of its breakthrough hardware features (including its color graphics) and its very large supply of compatible software. The key to Apple II’s success was actually VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet program ever brought to market. Thousands of people bought Apple IIs just to use it. As a result, the company grew at a very fast rate, and went public after just four years of existence, in December 1980. Steve Jobs’ net worth passed the $200 million mark on that day — he was only 25.

But Apple’s success was threatened, as industry giant IBM was planning to enter the personal computer market in 1981. Apple had to fight back or they would go out of business in a couple of years’ time. Their Apple III computer had already bombed on the marketplace. They focused all their energy on a project headed by Steve Jobs: Lisa. He had named it after his ex-girlfriend’s daughter, although he denied all paternity (that difficult situation actually caused him to miss Time Magazine’s Man of the Year 1982). The Lisa computer was a breakthrough because it used a graphical user interface instead of a command-line interface. This technology, like many others that would revolutionize computing, was invented at Xerox PARC — but Apple was the first company to bring it to market.

Macintosh (1981-85)

Yet Steve Jobs was soon thrown out of the Lisa project because he was considered too temperamental a manager. Deeply angry, he took revenge by taking over a small project called Macintosh, determined to make it a cheaper GUI computer that would cannibalize sales of Lisa. Macintosh was in development since 1979 and its concept was “a computer as easy to use as a toaster.” Steve Jobs recruited brilliant young engineers in his Mac team and invigorated them by insufflating a spirit of entrepreneurship and rebellion, calling them “pirates”, unlike the rest of the company, “the Navy.”

Even though the Mac project was controversial as it threatened both Apple II and Lisa, and because Steve Jobs antagonized it against the rest of the company, it soon became crucial to Apple’s future because Lisa proved yet another market failure. Steve was supported in his mission by John Sculley, Apple’s CEO, whom he hired in 1983 to help him run the company and groom him into a top executive. In January 1984, he introduced Macintosh in great fanfare.

Although Mac’s first months were encouraging, sales soon started to plummet. There was growing fear in the company that this third flop in a row would put Apple out of business. Besides, Steve Jobs’ continued arrogance drove everyone nuts, starting with CEO John Sculley. After a failed board coup initiated by Jobs in mid-1985, Sculley announced he and the directors had agreed on a new org chart for Apple, in which Steve had no managerial duties whatsoever. He was only to remain chairman of the board.

Steve was stunned. Apple was his life, and he was kicked out of it. He started traveling around looking for new ways to spend his energy. It was actually in that second half of 1985 that he was introduced to a small team of brilliant computer graphics experts that George Lucas was trying to sell. They all shared a common dream of making animated movies with computers. Steve was interested and he eventually bought the company for $10 million in 1986, incorporating it as Pixar.

The NeXT years (1985-95)

Yet his main passion was still to make great computers. In September 1985, he announced to the Apple board that he was going to found a new company, called NeXT, to build an advanced computer for higher education and scientific research. He was going to take with him some of the best engineers and salesmen from the Mac team. Apple disapproved and threatened to sue him. It was at that point that Steve left his company for good and sold almost all of his stock in disgust.

NeXT started work on its computer in early 1986, after Apple dropped its lawsuit. Steve aimed at the highest possible standards for his new machine: he wanted the best hardware, built in the world’s most automated factory, and running the most advanced software possible. He decided the computer’s operating system, NeXTSTEP, would be based on UNIX, the most robust and most complex system in the world — but that it would also be as easy to use as a Macintosh, thanks to its own graphical user interface. In addition, it would make software development real easy with its object-oriented programming technology. These ambitious plans put off the release date of the computer — called the NeXT Cube — to October 1988.

However great it was, the NeXT Cube didn’t sell. It was overpriced and missing useful software. NeXT struggled for years to sell it, expanding its target from just education to businesses, and introducing a cheaper box, the NeXT Station. Yet the number of computers they sold each month remained in the hundreds. The company was bleeding money and all its co-founders left one after the other, as well as its first outside investor, Texan billionaire Ross Perot. By 1993, NeXT had to give up its hardware business and focus only on promoting its advanced software technology. NeXT Software, far from beating Apple, had turned into a niche software development business. Steve was devastated.

In addition, his investment in Pixar also seemed to lead nowhere. The small company had tried to sell advanced graphic workstations to specialized markets since it had been founded, without success. Jobs shut down Pixar’s hardware operations in 1990, decided to focus on developing an advanced 3D language called RenderMan. He kept the animation division, headed by John Lasseter, only because its work on TV commercials were one of the company’s only source of revenues. Hope was brought by a contract with Disney to make a full feature film with computers in 1991. But by the end of 1993, the contract was canceled by Burbank. With both his ventures failing, Steve had reached the nadir of his career. He spent most of his days at home with his young son Reed and his wife Laurene, whom he had married in 1991.

Comeback (1995-97)

Fortunately, as John Lasseter came back to Disney with an improved script for the feature film, called Toy Story, the project got back on track. The movie was to be released for Thanksgiving 1995. As the date approached, Steve Jobs realized what an incredible power the Disney brand was. He decided Pixar would go public the week after the release of Toy Story, cashing in on the media hype surrounding the first computer-generated animation movie of all time. It worked wonders: Toy Story’s box-office success was only surpassed by the Pixar stock’s success on Wall Street. Steve Jobs, who owned 80% of the company, saw his net worth rise to over $1.5 billion — five times the money he had ever made at Apple in the 1980s!

Speaking of Apple, the fruit company was in the midst of his worst year ever. After the release of Windows 95, the Mac, which had turned profitable but had failed to evolve for a decade while Steve Jobs was away, started losing market share at an alarming rate. By 1996, the company’s newly appointed CEO, Gil Amelio, was looking for new software to replace the old and bloated Mac OS. He eventually chose Steve’s NeXTSTEP. Apple paid $400 million to acquire NeXT, and Steve was back to the company that had thrown him out a decade earlier. His official title was that of “informal adviser to the CEO.”

But when Amelio announced Apple’s losses of $700 million for the first quarter of 1997, the board decided it was time to get rid of this terrible manager. Steve Jobs organized a board coup and was named interim CEO of Apple in July 1997. He immediately started an extensive review of the whole company, cutting the number of projects from hundreds to a dozen. The number of hardware products would be cut down to just four. He also made a shocking announcement at Macworld Boston in August: Apple would be teaming up with its arch-rival Microsoft, in an unprecedented deal that would put an end to interminable patent disputes.

Apple back on track (1998-2001)

Steve Jobs quickly gave confidence back to the Apple community. The company launched a revolutionary marketing campaign around a new slogan: Think Different, spreading the idea that people who used Macs were dreamers who could change the world. As the Apple brand grew stronger, the company launched a couple of new successful products, the Power Mac G3 and the PowerBook. Six months after he had come back, Steve Jobs had led the company to profitability.

Yet Apple’s resurgence really came a little later, when Steve introduced a new, amazing consumer desktop computer: iMac. Introduced in May 1998, it was Apple’s first really innovative product basically since the original Macintosh in 1984. The iMac’s stunning translucent design blew away the whole personal computer industry, which had failed to produce anything but black or beige boxes for over a decade. Moreover, iMac was a hot seller, and it was essential in bringing back tons of developers to the Mac platform. Design innovations continued throughout 1998 and 1999 with the colored iMacs and iBook, Apple’s consumer notebook. After three years in charge, Steve Jobs had brought Apple back to greatness. That’s why he finally accepted to become full-time CEO of Apple in January 2000 — the first time one man became CEO of two public companies at the same time.

Still, the very reason Steve Jobs was brought back to Apple had not yet materialize — it was to bring NeXT’s software technology to the Mac platform. This eventually happened in early 2001, as Apple released the first version of its breakthrough operating system, Mac OS X. Mac OS X was really NeXTSTEP with a Mac facade. But it turned out an essential asset to Apple as the company developed breakthrough applications for its Macs as part of the digital hub strategy.

The digital hub strategy was unveiled by Steve Jobs at Macworld San Francisco in January 2001. It was a vision for the future of the personal computer. Although many analysts and self-appointed experts were proclaiming PCs would disappear within a couple of years to be replaced by Internet terminals, Apple believed they would evolve into digital centers or hubs for our new digital lifestyles. In other words, the PC would become the centerpiece of our new lives filled with digital cameras and camcorders, MP3 players, smart phones and other digital devices. The digital hub strategy led Apple to develop a suite of applications designed to manage our new lifestyle, the so-called iApps: iMovie (1999), iTunes (2001), iDVD (2001), iPhoto (2002), iCal and iSync (2002), GarageBand (2004) and finally iWeb (2006). The iApps were a strategic move in Apple’s greater plan to gain market share over the PC, as there was simply no equivalent solution on the Windows platform. Other moves included an aggressive ad campaign (Switchers) and the start of Apple’s retail operations in mid-2001.

The iPod revolution (2001-2006)

However the greatest momentum for Apple came from an unexpected source: the iPod. iPod was an integral part of the digital hub strategy. It was started in early 2001, when Steve Jobs realized that he had misplaced his enthusiasm for “desktop video”, i.e. the ability to edit movies on the computer — which was still far from mainstream. What was really hot at the turn of the century was not movies but digital music, as exemplified by the success of Napster. He focused on catching up and bought an outside hardware developer to work on Apple’s own MP3 player, which was brought to market in record time, just in time for 2001’s holiday season.

iPod’s breakthrough features — its beautiful design, its brilliant user interface and click wheel, its fast FireWire connectivity and its ability to sync with iTunes seamlessly — made it a hot seller from the start. For the first time, people were buying Macs just so they could use this little music player the size of a cigarette box. Apple cashed in on that success and went further in the following years, first by making iPod Windows-compatible in 2002, then by opening the iTunes Music Store and developing a Windows version of iTunes in 2003.

As of 2006, after Apple had continually pushed innovation in its music business by introducing iPod mini in 2004, iPod shuffle then iPod nano in 2005, and expanded its Music Store internationally, it had become the undisputed leader of the new digital music era. A significant landmark was passed in 2006 when Apple’s revenues from iPod equaled those made on computers. For the first time in its history, the firm from Cupertino had left its niche markets to become as influential a player in consumer electronics as Microsoft was in the PC space. iPod’s market share was close to 75%!

The Pixar-Disney merger (2003-2006)

Interestingly enough, iPod also played a critical role in setting Pixar’s future. After having released success after success (A Bug’s Life (1998), Toy Story 2 (1999), Monsters Inc. (2001) and Finding Nemo (2003)), the animation studio had decided to let go of its distribution deal with Disney, mainly because of increasing tensions between Steve Jobs and Disney CEO Michael Eisner. Steve Jobs openly said he would not make another deal with the Magic Kingdom until Eisner was out. Turns out his opinion was shared by many an executive at Disney — including Walt’s own nephew, Roy Disney, who started a public campaign to oust the company’s CEO. This led to the nomination of Bob Iger as new CEO in March 2005.

Steve Jobs and Bob Iger started working together because Apple decided to sell TV shows on its iTunes store. In October 2005, in front of an audience of stunned journalists, Steve Jobs shook hands (as Apple’s boss) with the new CEO of Disney — implying a renewed cooperation with Pixar in the near future. This eventually led to no less than the merger of both companies, announced in January 2006. Steve Jobs, who still owned half of Pixar’s stock, became Disney’s largest individual shareholder (owning 7% of the company’s stock). As for Pixar executives Ed Catmull and John Lasseter, they were given critical roles in the new studio.

Apple Inc. (2006-today)

2006 was a critical year for Apple in three respects.

The first was the success of the Mac. Mac sales were finally taking off, and after years of struggle to gain market share, its growth rate was exceeding that of the PC. Several factors accounted for this historic change: the success of iPod of course, and the positive side effect it had on the Apple brand. The move to Intel as well: after years of fighting the so-called Wintel monopoly, Steve had announced in 2005 that the company would start using Intel processors in their Macs form then on. The entire product line was transitioned over in less than a year. Intel Macs were faster and cheaper, but their main advantage was their ability to run Windows — which was a key argument in making Windows users switch, afraid as they were not to find their favorite software on the Mac. Finally, Apple was encountering unexpected success with its chain of retail stores, the fastest growing in the US.

The second crucial development from 2006 was the full acceptance by Apple of its new status of consumer electronics powerhouse, thanks to the success of iPod, the walkman of the digital age. It became obvious in February 2006, when the company released iPod hi-fi, a boom-box designed to work only with iPod (which was discontinued the following year), and Apple TV less than a year later. But the biggest move of course came in January 2007, when Steve Jobs introduced iPhone at Macworld. iPhone was arguably the ultimate Apple product. Its beautiful hardware ran no less than Apple’s full operating system, OS X. Its multi-touch technology, Web surfing and iPod capabilities, easy-to-use interface, and more, made it a smartphone “light-years ahead of its competition”, as Steve Jobs said. It shook the phone industry to its core, down to the exclusive deal that Apple cut with AT&T for subscription plans. Three years after it was introduced, it is already fair to say that iPhone will go down in history as the first digital convergence device, equivalent to putting a computer, an iPod and a phone in your pocket. It was such an obvious part of Apple’s move outside the PC business that Steve announced at the end of Macworld 2007 that the company’s name would be changed from Apple Computer Inc. to Apple Inc.

Finally, the third major event of 2006 for Steve was the so-called backdating scandal. Backdating consists of picking a date in the past, when a stock's value is lower, to assign the exercise price of options. It is an illegal practice that was commonplace in Silicon Valley until it was exposed by a Wall Street Journal article in 2006. Apple swiftly hired lawyers to lead an internal investigation of its own records. They did find irregularities, which were confirmed by the SEC in mid-2007. Two big frauds were unveiled that took place in 2000 and 2001, under Steve Jobs’ leadership. However he was cleared the following year as the SEC found out he had no idea of the legal or accounting implications of the matter. The SEC only charged Apple’s former CFO and legal counsel with fraud. The scandal was significant in the sense that it raised the issue of Apple’s future without Steve Jobs... But the main occasion this issue was raised was not the SEC investigation, it was unfortunately after Steve’s health problems.

In late 2003, Steve was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Fortunately, his tumor was not of the deadly type: Steve would be saved if he agreed to have surgery. But he didn’t, and for nine long months, followed a special type of diet that he thought would cure him from the disease. It was only in August 2004 that he agreed to have the surgery. Everybody thought the troubles were over, as he claimed he was “cured”. Of course there is no such thing as being cured from cancer, and in 2008, people started commenting heavily on Steve’s being increasingly thinner. Although he and Apple kept on denying any serious problem, in December 2008, they announced to everyone’s surprise that the CEO would not go on stage for the last Macworld keynote in history in January 2009. Steve Jobs took six months off (the first half of 2009), as he was awaiting a liver transplant — which he got in April 2009. The whole story of Steve’s cancer raised many a discussion about a public company’s necessary transparency regarding its CEO’s health, especially when that CEO is as essential to its market value as Steve Jobs is to Apple’s.

2010 has seen the incredible rebirth of Steve Jobs as a very active CEO. In sharp contrast with 2009, he came back on stage for many Apple events that year, and surprised the world many times over with insanely great new Apple products. The biggest announcement of all was undeniably iPad, Apple’s iOS-based tablet, which Steve unveiled on January 27, 2010. At the industry conference D8 in June 2010, Steve Jobs clearly stated that in his opinion, iPad had started the post-PC era, and that PCs would eventually become “like trucks”, a marginal part of a market dominated by portable tablets... If this comes true, this one man Steve Jobs will have played a crucial part in both giving birth and putting an end to the personal computer industry.

Conclusion

Steve Jobs is undeniably an extraordinary man by any standard. He has left his mark on no less than five industries: personal computers with Apple II and Macintosh, music with iPod and iTunes, phone with iPhone, and animation with Pixar. The middle-class hippie kid with no college education that he was built a computer empire and became a multi-millionaire in a few years, was fired from his own company before coming back a decade later to save it and turn it into one of the world’s most influential corporations, with millions of fans around the world. He has also contributed to the creation of the new leader in animated movies for decades to come. He has been called a fluke for years, but is now widely acknowledged as one the world’s most eminent business executives and an unrivaled visionary. He has changed millions of lives by making technology easy-to-use, exciting and beautiful.… And you know what the best part is? He’s not done yet.

                                                                                                            Posted by-------  FILIP LAL